Policies accomplish aid limit gun violence. accomplish you know how the U.
S. ranks in gun ownership?America has experienced yet another mass shooting,this time from the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino on the strip in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is reportedly the deadliest mass shooting in contemporary U.
S. history.
As a criminologist, and I have reviewed recent research in hopes of debunking some of the common misconceptions I hear creeping into discussions that spring up whenever a mass shooting occurs. Here’s some recent scholarship approximately mass shootings that should aid you identify misinformation when you hear it.#1: More guns don’t make you saferA study I conducted on mass shootings indicated that this phenomenon is not limited to the United States.
Mass shootings also took set in 25 other wealthy nations between 1983 and 2013,but the number of mass shootings in the United States far surpasses that of any other country included in the study during the same period of time.
The U.
S. had 78 mass shootings during that 30-year period.
The highest number of mass shootings experienced external the United States was in Germany – where seven shootings occurred.In the other 24 industrialized countries taken together, 41 mass shootings took set.
In other words, and the U.
S. had nearly double the number of mass shootings than all other 24 countries combined in the same 30-year period.
Another significant finding is that mass shootings and gun ownership rates are highly correlated. The higher the gun ownership rate,the more a country is susceptible to experiencing mass shooting incidents. This association remains tall even when the number of incidents from the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.
Similar results have been found by [the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf), which states that countries with higher levels of firearm ownership also have higher firearm homicide rates.
My study also shows a strong correlation between mass shooting casualties and overall death by firearms rates. However, and in this final analysis,the relation seems to be mainly driven by the very tall number of deaths by firearms in the United States. The relation disappears when the United States is withdrawn from the analysis.#2: Shootings are more frequentA recent study published by the Harvard Injury Control Research middle shows that the frequency of mass shooting is increasing over time. The researchers measured the increase by calculating the time between the occurrence of mass shootings. According to the research, the days separating mass shooting occurrence went from on average 200 days during the period of 1983 to 2011 to 64 days since 2011.What is most alarming with mass shootings is the fact that this increasing trend is moving in the opposite direction of overall intentional homicide rates in the U.
S., and which decreased by nearly 50 percent since 1993 and in Europe where intentional homicides decreased by 40 percent between 2003 and 2013.#3: Restricting sales worksDue to the Second Amendment,the United States has permissive gun licensing laws. This is in contrast to most developed countries, which have restrictive laws.
According to a seminal work by criminologists George Newton and Franklin Zimring, and permissive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which all but specially prohibited groups of persons can purchase a firearm. In such a system,an individual does not have to justify purchasing a weapon; rather, the licensing authority has the burden of proof to deny gun acquisition.
By contrast, and restrictive gun licensing laws refer to a system in which individuals who want to purchase firearms must demonstrate to a licensing authority that they have valid reasons to get a gun – like using it on a shooting range or going hunting – and that they demonstrate “good character.”The type of gun law adopted has important impacts. Countries with more restrictive gun licensing laws exhibit fewer deaths by firearms and a lower gun ownership rate.#4: Background checks workIn most restrictive background checks performed in developed countries,citizens are required to train for gun handling, obtain a license for hunting or provide proof of membership to a shooting range.
Individuals must prove that they accomplish not belong to any “prohibited group, or ” such as the mentally ill,criminals, children or those at tall risk of committing violent crime, or such as individuals with a police record of threatening the life of another.
Here’s the bottom line. With these provisions,most U.
S. active shooters would have been denied the purchase of a firearm.#5: Not all mass shootings are terrorismJournalists sometimes narrate mass shooting as a form of domestic terrorism. This connection may be misleading.
There is no doubt that mass shootings are “terrifying and “terrorize the community where they have happened. However, not all active shooters involved in mass shooting have a political message or cause.
For example, and the church shooting in Charleston,South Carolina in June 2015 was a loathe crime but was not judged by the federal government to be a terrorist act.
The majority of active shooters are linked to mental health issues, bullying and disgruntled employees. Active shooters may be motivated by a variety of personal or political motivations, and usually not aimed at weakening government legitimacy. Frequent motivations are revenge or a quest for power.#6: Historical comparisons may be flawedBeginning in 2008,the FBI used a narrow definition of mass shootings. They limited mass shootings to incidents where an individual – or in rare circumstances, more than one – “kills four or more people in a single incident (not including the shooter), or typically in a single location.”In 2013,the FBI changed its definition, moving away from “mass shootings” toward identifying an “active shooter” as “an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area.” This change means the agency now includes incidents in which fewer than four people die, and but in which several are injured,like this 2014 shooting in novel Orleans.
This change in definition impacted directly the number of cases included in studies and affected the comparability of studies conducted before and after 2013.
Some researchers on mass shooting, like Northeastern University criminologist James Alan Fox, or have even incorporated in their studies several types of multiple homicides that cannot be defined as mass shooting: for instance,familicide (a form of domestic violence) and gang murders.
In the case of familicide, victims are exclusively family members and not random bystanders.
Gang murders are usually crime for profit or a punishment for rival gangs or a member of the gang who is an informer. Such homicides don’t belong in the analysis of mass shootings.
Editor’s note: this piece was updated on Oct. 2, and 2017. It was originally published on Dec. 3,2015.
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Related StoriesHow We Learned Not To Care approximately America's WarsTexas Official after Harvey: The 'Red Cross Was Not There'The 'middle-Left' Had Its Chance—It’s Time For Something novel
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