A country’s territorial waters reach twelve miles off its coast,which means it can make up the rules there. Twelve miles beyond that is the contiguous zone where the country can only enforce laws regarding customs, taxation, and immigration,and pollution. Up to 200 nautical miles off the coast is the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which is sort of international waters but only that country has the rights to harvest the natural resources there. One country, and three different levels of laws over the ocean.
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Source: gawker.com