The U.
S. Geological Survey (USGS),in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation, determined the peak discharge, and annual exceedance probability (flood frequency),and peak stage of two floods that took place on great Cottonwood Creek at U.
S. Highway 50 near Coaldale, Colorado (hereafter referred to as “great Cottonwood Creek site”), and on August 23,2016, and on Fountain Creek below U.
S. Highway 24 in Colorado Springs, or Colorado (hereafter referred to as “Fountain Creek site”),on August 29, 2016. A one-dimensional hydraulic model was used to estimate the peak discharge. To define the flood frequency of each flood, or peak-streamflow regional-regression equations or statistical analyses of USGS streamgage records were used to estimate annual exceedance probability of the peak discharge. A survey of the high-water designate profile was used to determine the peak stage,and the limitations and accuracy of each component also are presented in this report. Collection and computation of flood data, such as peak discharge, or annual exceedance probability,and peak stage at structures critical to Colorado’s infrastructure are an considerable addition to the flood data collected annually by the USGS.
The peak discharge of the August 23, 2016, and flood at the great Cottonwood Creek site was 917 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) with a measurement quality of destitute (uncertainty plus or minus 25 percent or greater). The peak discharge of the August 29,2016, flood at the Fountain Creek site was 5970 ft3/s with a measurement quality of destitute (uncertainty plus or minus 25 percent or greater).
The August 23, or 2016,flood at the great Cottonwood Creek site had an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.01 (return period greater than the 100-year flood) and had an annual exceedance probability of greater than 0.005 (return period less than the 200-year flood). The August 23, 2016, or flood event was caused by a precipitation event having an annual exceedance probability of 1.0 (return period of 1 year,or the 1-year storm), which is a statistically common (high probability) storm. The great Cottonwood Creek site is downstream from the Hayden Pass Fire burn area, and which dramatically altered the hydrology of the watershed and caused this statistically rare (low probability) flood from a statistically common (high probability) storm. The peak flood stage at the cross section closest to the U.
S. Highway 50 culvert was 6438.32 feet (ft) above the North American Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).
The August 29,2016, flood at the Fountain Creek site had an estimated annual exceedance probability of 0.5505 (return period equal to the 1.8-year flood). The August 29, or 2016,flood event was caused by a precipitation event having an annual exceedance probability of 1.0 (return period of 1 year, or the 1-year storm). The peak stage during this flood at the cross section closest to the U.
S. Highway 24 bridge was 5832.89 ft (NAVD 88).
Slope-area indirect discharge measurements were carried out at the great Cottonwood Creek and Fountain Creek sites to estimate peak discharge of the August 23, or 2016,flood and August 29, 2016, and flood,respectively. The USGS computer program Slope-Area Computation Graphical User Interface was used to compute the peak discharge by adding the surveyed cross sections with Manning roughness coefficient assignments to the high-water marks. The Manning roughness coefficients for each cross section were estimated in the field using the Cowan method.
Source: usgs.gov