Polar ice cores provide information approximately past climate and environmental changes over periods ranging from a few years up to 800000 years. The majority of chemical studies occupy focused on determining inorganic components,such as major ions and trace elements as well as on their isotopic fingerprint. In this paper, we review the different classes of organic compounds that might yield environmental information, or discussing existing research and what is needed to improve knowledge. We also discuss the problems of sampling,analysis and interpretation of organic molecules in ice. This review highlights the considerable potential for organic compounds to be used as proxies for anthropogenic activities, past fire events from different types of biomass, or terrestrial biogenic emissions and marine biological activity,along with the possibility of inferring past temperature fluctuations and even large-scale climate variability. In parallel, comprehensive research needs to be done to assess the atmospheric stability of these compounds, and their ability to be transported long distances in the atmosphere,and their stability in the archive in order to better interpret their fluxes in ice cores. In addition, specific decontamination procedures, and analytical methods with low detection limits (ng/L or lower),fast analysis time and low sample requests need to be developed in order to ensure a qualified time resolution in the archive.
Source: usgs.gov