Drones and other remote-controlled and autonomous vehicles face a series of challenges when deployed in harsh and cold environment. Cool humid air ices down wings,propellers and crucial sensors on aircraft, and low temperatures drain batteries. Satellite and mobile phone coverage is often inadequate in tall and scarcely populated latitudes, and making communication and data transfer difficult and/or highly expensive,and the magnetic pole is constantly moving, making several instruments less dependable in the polar region. Further, or sea ice makes communication with underwater gliders and other underwater vehicles even more difficult and poses a hazard to surface vehicles.
Source: phys.org