Microorganisms represent the most numerous life on soil and the understanding of how they behave is integral to our own survival and well-being. Microbial life has an fabulous flexibility for adapting to extreme environmentsniches that are extraordinarily hot or cold,acidic or basic, salty as in the Dead Sea or at high pressure in considerable ocean depths—that would be detrimental to complex organisms. These organisms are known as extremophiles.
Source: phys.org